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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Acoustic harassment device ： ウィキペディア英語版 Acoustic harassment device Acoustic harassment and acoustic deterrents are technologies used to keep animals〔(Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals edited by William F. Perrin, Bernd Wursig, J. G.M. Thewissen ) page 442〕 and in some cases humans away from an area. Applications of the technology are used to keep marine mammals away from aquaculture facilities and to keep birds away from certain areas (for instance in the vicinity of airports and blueberry fields). The devices have also been employed to keep marine mammals away from fishing nets.〔 The devices are known as acoustic harassment devices (AHDs) and acoustic deterrent devices, which are smaller AHDs〔(Responsible Marine Aquaculture ) edited by Robert R. Stickney and James P. McVey〕 or intended as an awareness tool to warn away species to the presence of danger rather than as a tool of harassment at a much louder level.〔(Cage Aquaculture ) by Malcolm Beveridge page 274〕 While they have proven effective over the short-term, animals tend to become conditioned over time and can even be drawn to the sounds once they habituate to the lack of real danger and the presence of sustenance. 〔 Only acoustic harassment devices that cause actual pain have been found to be effective over the longer term.〔(Conflicts Between Protected Species and Fisheries: Social Science Research and Policy Approaches ) Riku Varjopuro, Nordic Council of Ministers, 2003 - Ecosystem management〕 The devices can cause hearing damage in non-targeted species and design changes in the fishing gear, fishing methods, and fish farm design to provide a permanent solution are preferable.〔 ==History== Primitive harassment methods included firecrackers, rubber bullets, chasing animals by boat, banging pipes and seal bombs (incendiary devices).〔〔 Devices emitting loud noises have also been used, including broadcasts of killer whale sounds, pingers, and acoustic buzzers.〔 These often employ shrill sounding screams broadcast between 12 and 17 kHz. Acoustic deterrent devices normally broadcast near 10 kHz and use at high decibels.〔 The intensity level of acoustic harassment devices has been measured up to 194 dB re 1uPa @ 1 m and the noise can be audible up to 50 kilometers away.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Acoustic harassment device」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.